Primary Peritoneal Cancer

primary peritoneal cancer

Primary peritoneal cancer (PPC) is a rare cancer that starts in the peritoneum. This is the membrane which lines the inside of the abdomen (tummy), clinging to and covering all the organs in the abdomen (for example the intestines, the liver, and the stomach). This membrane helps to protect the contents of the abdomen. It also produces a lubricating fluid, which helps the organs to move smoothly inside the abdomen as we move around. A primary peritoneal cancer can start in any part of this membrane, usually in the lower part of the abdomen.

Biologically, primary peritoneal cancer cells mimic ovarian cancer cells and is treated in a similar manner. But it is a separate cancer with separate issues, and unfortunately after most patients are diagnosed, they soon discover that there is limited information, help and support specific to this type of cancer for survivors and families.

Primary peritoneal cancer is treated in a similar manner as stage III ovarian cancer. Carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations or one of the genes that cause HNPCC are at higher risk for primary peritoneal cancer than women in the general population. The risk for primary peritoneal cancer is still very low in mutation carriers: one study estimated the lifetime risk in BRCA carriers to be 1.3%, while another study found the risk to be 3.5%.

Women who carry the genetic mutation for the BRCA gene are at dramatically increased risk of developing ovarian, fallopian tube and papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. Prophylactic surgery may eliminate the risk of developing fallopian tube and ovarian cancer, but cannot eliminate the risk of developing papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. Unfortunately, this cancer may develop in up to 5 percent of women who have previously undergone prophylactic oophorectomy.

The symptoms of primary peritoneal cancer may include :

• vague indigestion, sickness (nausea), and a bloated feeling
• unexplained weight gain
• swelling in the abdomen - this may be due to a build up of fluid, known as ascites
• pain in the lower abdomen
• changes in bowel or bladder habits, such as constipation, diarrhoea, or needing to pass urine more often.

These symptoms may be caused by a number of conditions other than primary peritoneal cancer. However, if you have any symptoms that get worse or that last for a few weeks, it is important to have them checked by your doctor.

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